Libro · 1987 · Leo Szilard

Toward a Livable World

[Vol. 1.] Scientific papers. Biographical notes -- Thermodynamics. On the extension of phenomenological thermodynamics to fluctuation phenomena ; On the decrease of entropy in a thermodynamic system by the intervention of intelligent beings -- Experimental work on x-rays in crystals -- Nuclear physics. Chemical separation of the radioactive element from its bombarded isotype in the Fermi effect ; Detection of neutrons liberated from beryllium by gamma rays: a new technique for inducing radioactivity ; Liberation of neutrons from beryllium by x-rays: radioactivity induced by means of electron tubes ; Radioactivity induced by neutrons ; Absorption of residual neutrons ; Radioactivity induced by nuclear excitation: excitation by neutrons ; Instantaneous emission of fast neutrons in the interaction of slow neutrons with uranium ; Neutron production and absorption in uranium ; Emission of neutrons by uranium -- Documents relating to the Manhattan Project. Creative intelligence and society: the case of atomic research, the background in fundamental science ; Szilard letter to Eugene P. Wigner ; Szilard-Fermi correspondence, five letters (July 1939) ; Einstein letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (August 2, 1939) ; Szilard memorandum attached to Albert Einstein's letter to the President (August 15, 1939) ; Szilard memorandum to Lyman J. Briggs (October 26, 1939) ; Szilard letter to John T. Tate (February 6, 1940) with initial version of "Divergent chain reaction in systems composed of uranium and carbon" ; Szilard letter to Gregory Breit (July 30, 1941) with "Background of the paper "Divergent chain reaction in systems composed of uranium and carbon"" -- Declassified papers and reports. Divergent chain reaction in systems composed of uranium and carbon ; Preliminary report on inelastic collision of neutrons in uranium and other heavy elements ; Preliminary report on fission caused by fission neutrons ; Preliminary report on the capture of neutrons by uranium in the energy region of photo neutrons from radium-beryllium sources ; Memorandum on the critical condition for a fast neutron chain reaction inside a spherical shell of uranium metal ; Approximate boundary conditions for diffusion equation at interface between two media ; Preliminary comparison of radon-boron and Ra + Be neutron sources ; Neutron emission in fission of U238 ; Inelastic scattering of fast neutrons ; Inelastic scattering of Fe, Pb, and Bi ; Use of threshold detectors for fast neutron studies ; Preliminary report on the melting of uranium powder ; On the cooling of the power plant ; Examples for pressure drop calculations in parallel flow helium cooling ; A magnetic pump for liquid bismuth ; Short memorandum on bismuth cooled power unit ; Liquid metal cooled fast neutron breeder ; Reproductions from notebooks ; Clipping from New York times on issue of first nuclear reactor patent (May 19, 1955) -- Published papers in biology. Experiments on light-reactivation of ultra-violet inactivated bacteria ; Description of the chemostat ; Experiments with the chemostat on spontaneous mutations of bacteria ; Virus strains of identical phenotype but different genotype ; Genetic mechanisms in bacteria and bacterial viruses: experiments on spontaneous and chemically induced mutations of bacteria growing in the chemostat ; Anti-mutagens ; Experiments with the chemostat on the rates of amino acid synthesis in bacteria ; A device for growing bacterial populations under steady state conditions ; On the nature of the aging process ; A theory of aging ; The control of the formation of specific proteins in bacteria and in animal cells ; the molecular basis of antibody formation ; Dependence of the sex ratio at birth on the age of the father ; On memory and recall ; Memorandum to Cass Canfield by William Doering and Leo Szilard (January 11, 1957): a proposal to create two interdependent research institutes operating in the general area of public health designated as: 'Research Institute for Fundamental Biology and Public Health' and 'Institute for Problem Studies' -- Patents, applications, and disclosures. Electrodynamic movement of fluid metals particularly for refrigerating machines ; Asynchronous and synchronous transformers for particles ; Transmutation of chemical elements ; Improvements in or relating to the transmutation of chemical elements ; Apparatus for nuclear transmutation ; Neutronic reactor ; List of patents and disclosures ; Correspondence relating to patents.